A programming language can be defined as the set of rules used to send the instructions to the computer systems to speed up the input and output processes and to automate, collect, manage, calculate, analyze the processing of data and information accurately.
It not only enables computer language programmers to develop software programs, scripts, applications, and services but also enhances the powers of computers by creating innovations in information technologies.
The programming language helps the developer to create more intelligent technology and machines for task automation. There are thousands of programming languages in the digital technology industry with each programming language has its own set of grammatical rules and features.
Different programming languages are designed for different purposes. The biggest standoff of the technocrat fresher is to make a decision where to begin or which language one should master doing excel in their career.
Most of the time professional coders also face a situation to learn a new language for individuals to get desire placement worldwide. Sometimes for software development companies, there is a need to make a strategic decision about what programming language should be adopted when starting to build a new software system.
Whatever may be the reason, this article represents a list of the most popular programming languages across the world to know which languages are ruling the charts. This list of top programming languages is based on the data sourced from the TIOBE Programming Community Index, which is a popular indicator of the popularity of programming languages.
1. Java
Java is an object-oriented, platform-independent and secured high-level programming language that includes the combination features of C and C++ with some essential additional concepts.
For the past several years it has secured the first and second positions among the different programming languages according to TIOBE. Java was initially developed by James Gosling initially developed Java in Sun Microsystems (which was later merged with Oracle Corporation).
It is well suited for the development of standalone, web, enterprise, desktop–based GUI, cloud computing services, game engines and by using features like JSP, Applets, AWT and Swing, J2EE, Javabeans JDBC, and Java servlets, etc. The usefulness of Java includes the following
However, it has the following disadvantages
Career Opportunity: Web developer, Application developer, EJB programmer, Software Developer, Tester, Graphics designer, etc.
2.C Language
C is a general-purpose procedure-oriented programming language and is used for writing programs in a wide range of domains, such as operating systems, numerical computing, graphical applications, etc..
It provides “high-level” structured-programming constructs such as statement grouping, decision making, and looping, as well as “low-level” capabilities such as the ability to manipulate bytes and addresses which makes it so much popular till today though it is developed by Dennis M. Ritchie at Bell Laboratories in early 1970.
Advantages:
Disadvantage:
Career Opportunity: S/W developer, Embedded software engineer, graphics designer
3.Python
Python is an easy-to-learn powerful objected oriented and widely used high–level programming language that was initially created by Guido Van Rossum in 1991 and further developed by the Python software foundation. It has the capability of developing a virtual reality–based app, artificial intelligence and machine learning–based applications, web applications, game development, database applications, rapid prototype, GUI programs etc. by using its different features such as NumPy, Pandas, Django, MySQL interfaces. The main pulses of Python include the following:
However, Python is not a perfect language due to the following attributes:
Career opportunity: Python developer, Product manager, Data analyst or journalist, Financial advisor
4. C++
C++ is one of the influential object-oriented, general-purpose programming languages developed by Bjarne Stroustrup with important, generic programming features.
It allows developers to create an augmented reality, virtual reality concept without writing code.C++ enables the developer to develop different applications such as operating system, games, web browsers, compiler, banking software, and DBMS software, etc.
Advantages:
Disadvantage:
Career Opportunity: Operating Systems and Compilers developer, Database engines developers, Game programmer, embedded systems designers
5.C#
C#, pronounced as “C Sharp”, is an elegant, general-purpose, modern and object-oriented programming language which was developed by Microsoft led by Anders Hejlsberg and his team within the .Net initiative and was approved by the European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) and International Standards Organization (ISO).
It is a lot similar to Java syntactically and is easy to use for C, C++ or Java users. It is a type-safe object-oriented language enabling developers to build a variety of secure and robust applications that run on the .NET Framework.
Many types of applications such as Windows client applications, XML Web services, distributed components, client-server applications, database applications can be easily created by using C#.
Advantages:
Disadvantages
Career opportunity: Game Developer, Application Engineer
6. Javascript
Javascript is a lightweight, object-based, interpreted and dynamic computer programming language which is most commonly used as a part of web pages, whose implementations allow client-side script to interact with the user and make dynamic pages.
It supports the development of different web applications, games, mobile applications, smartwatch applications and flying robots, digital arts, and websites, etc.
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Career Opportunities: Front-end developer, web application developer, UX /UI designer, web designer, full–stack developer
7. PHP
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Career Opportunity: Web developer, app developer
8.Swift
Swift is a new programming language for iOS, OS X, watchOS, and tv OS apps that build on the best of C and Objective-C.
It is fast, safe, modern, and enables a level of interactivity in development by using the features such as closures, generics, and type inference that make it much easier to use, simplifying common patterns used in Objective-C.
The initial objective of this language was helping developers to build mobile apps that run on Apple devices and now it has been extended to develop desktop MAC OS applications.
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Career Opportunity: IOSdeveloper, infrastructure engineer, IOS Mobile developer etc.
9.GoLang
GoLang is an open-source, compiled, statically typed procedural programming language, developed in 2007 by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson at Google but launched in 2009 as an open-source programming language.
Golang e was created to reduce the lack of pace and difficulties involved with programming for large and scalable servers and software systems support environment adopting patterns alike to dynamic languages.
Programs are assembled by using packages, for efficient management of dependencies. Many numbers of popular products such as Kubernetes, dropbox, rocker box, infobox have been developed using GoLang.
Advantages:
Disadvantages
Career Opportunity: Remote GoLang developer, Software engineer, Full stack developer, Mobile handset device checker
10.R language
Advantages:
Career Opportunity: Data Scientist, Business Analyst, Data Analyst, Data Visualization Expert, Quantitative Analyst
The article explains briefly about the pros and cons of the top 10 programming languages along with their future scope in career and job prospective, which could provide the direction for the future software profession aspirants in selecting a particular language to learn for their career benefits.
The TIOBE Programming Community index is an indicator of the popularity of programming languages that represents the ratings of different languages based on the number of skilled engineers world-wide, courses and third–party vendors. Popular search engines such as Google, Bing, Yahoo!, Wikipedia, Amazon, YouTube, and Baidu are used to for calculation of ratings. A graph has been shown to represent the latest ratings of the mentioned languages for 2020.
The graph shows that Java is in high demand followed by other languages. However, there are more promising and demanding programming languages available in the market and the selection of any language to choose as a career depends on the individual interest and requirement and TIOBE index is not calculated to represent the best programming language or the language in which most lines of code have been written.